Groundwater is a critical but often invisible resource supporting urban water needs. In India, groundwater is a lifeline. This is especially so in tier II and smaller cities, where it often meets more than 50% of the water needs. Rapid urbanization and over-extraction have led to severe depletion and degradation of aquifers. 

More than 30% of aquifers are critically overexploited, especially in cities like Bengaluru. Groundwater management involves understanding these aquifer systems, monitoring water levels and quality, and regulating extraction. It also entails enhancing recharge through interventions like recharge wells.